Hirundo daurica (Swallow)
The Hirundo daurica, commonly known as the Swallow, is a graceful, insectivorous bird found in the diverse ecosystems of the Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP). Known for its swift flight, long forked tail, and acrobatic aerial maneuvers, this swallow is often seen skimming the skies above valleys and streams in search of insects. Its presence in GHNP highlights the ecological richness and pristine air quality of the park.
Physical Features and Behavior
The Hirundo daurica is easily recognized by its rufous underparts, dark blue upperparts, and deeply forked tail. A distinguishing feature is its pale or reddish face and throat, which sets it apart from other swallows. Agile and fast-flying, these birds are usually spotted gliding over open fields, riverbanks, and clearings, making sudden turns as they catch insects mid-air.
Swallows are social and can often be seen in small flocks, especially near water sources. They are known for their twittering calls and communal roosting behavior.
Habitat in the GHNP
In the Great Himalayan National Park, Hirundo daurica inhabits lower and mid-altitude zones, particularly between 1,000 and 3,000 meters. It prefers open spaces near water bodies, agricultural fields, and forest edges, where insect life is abundant. The Tirthan and Sainj Valleys within GHNP are excellent places to observe this bird.
During the breeding season, they may nest on cliff faces, under rock overhangs, or even near human habitations within the buffer zones of the park.
Hirundo daurica – Swallow (click to enlarge)
| Common name | Swallow |
| Scientific name | Hirundo daurica |
| Family | Hirundinidae |
| Description | It has a glossy deep blue above, fulvous white below finely streaked with dark brown. The chestnut half-collar on hind neck, the deeply forked ‘swallow’ tail, and the chestnut rump (conspicuous when banking in flight) are diagnostic points. Sometimes the red rump looks very pale- almost whitish. Sexes alike. Pairs or parties hawking insects on the wing about cliff, ancient hill forts, ruined buildings, etc., also open country. All India up to 500- 2000m in Himalayas. Similar to those of the Common Swallow and often seen hawking in association with it, and with crag martins and swifts. Nest – a retort-shaped structure of plastered mud with a narrow tubular entrance, stuck flat against the ceiling of a rock overhang, cave, or veranda of occupied dwelling. The bulbous egg chamber is lined with feathers. Eggs – 3 or 4, pure white. Both sexes share in building the nest and feeding the young. |
Nesting and Breeding
Hirundo daurica constructs its nests using mud pellets, often attaching them to vertical surfaces such as rocks or buildings. The nests are bottle-shaped with a narrow entrance tunnel. Inside, the female lays 3–5 eggs. Both parents share incubation duties and feed the chicks with a steady supply of captured insects.
This swallow’s nesting behavior plays an important role in insect population control, contributing to the ecological balance in the park.
Conservation Status
The Swallow (Hirundo daurica) is classified as a species of Least Concern by the IUCN. However, maintaining the health of insect populations and open foraging grounds is essential for their continued presence. The conservation efforts in GHNP, which preserve natural habitats and limit pesticide use, create a supportive environment for the species.
Conclusion
The Hirundo daurica (Swallow) is a symbol of vitality and ecological balance within the Great Himalayan National Park. Its agile flight and constant presence in the skies enrich the birdlife of the region. For nature lovers, spotting these aerial acrobats is an enjoyable part of exploring GHNP’s diverse valleys and riverscapes.